Os impactos das séries televisivas de crime na formação da imagem de destinos turísticos

Rúben Fernandes, Juliana Alves, António Azevedo

Resumo


O turismo continua a ser um dos setores que tem sofrido mais transformações. O cinema tem tido um papel expressivo no turismo oferecendo, não apenas as visitas aos locais de rodagem de séries e filmes, mas também proporcionando que os turistas experienciem a atmosfera das obras cinematográficas. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar os impactos das séries televisivas de crime na formação da imagem das cidades como destino turísticos. Foram analisados 929 reviews realizados pelos espectadores de oito séries televisivas de crime e disponibilizados na plataforma IMDb (Commissario Montalbano, Shetland, Unauthorized living, Gomorra, Dogs of Berlin, Marseille, Trapped e Sky Rojo), entre outubro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022. As séries foram posicionadas dentro de quatro tipologias com base na contraposição entre a imagem orgânica do destino e o impacto da série na imagem do destino: congruência positiva, incongruência positiva, congruência negativa e incongruência negativa. As séries Marseille, Gomorra, Shetland e Dogs of Berlin estão no grupo das séries onde os comentários dos espectadores não expressam a intenção de visitar ou de recomendar a visita ao destino. Os resultados demonstraram que quando o destino é retratado de forma negativa na série pode ter impactos significativos na imagem e influencia o comportamento turístico dos espectadores. O caso da série Gomorra é um dos mais ilustrativos pois a série inibiu o desenvolvimento do turismo.

Palavras-chave


Séries televisivas de crime; impactos no destino; imagem do destino; turismo induzido por filmes

Texto Completo:

PDF

Referências


Albernaz, P. d. C. (2009). Curta Brasília: A imagem da cidade no olhar do cinema e sua relação com o turismo. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.

Akhajam, S. (2015). When cinema boosts tourism In Ouarazazate: The cine-tourism as a new form of tourism in the southern region of Morocco? Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Sports, 5, 6-12.

Beeton, S. (2006). Understanding film-induced tourism. Tourism Analysis, 11(3), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354206778689808

Blanchet, C. & Fabry, N. (2020). Influence of new cinematographic and television operators on the attractivity of tourist destinations. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6, 3, 219-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-11-2019-0127

Brown, W. J. & Singhal, A. (1993). Ethical considerations of promoting prosocial messages through the popular media. Journal of Popular Film and Television, 21 (3), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/01956051.1993.9943977 Busby, G. & Klug, J. (2001). Movie induced tourism: The challenge of measurement and other issues. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7 (4), 316-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/135676670100700403 Butler, R. W. (1990). The influence of the media in shaping international tourist patterns. Tourism Recreation Research, 15(2), 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.1990.11014584. CanagaRetna, S. (2007) Lights! Camera! Action! Southern states efforts to attract filmmakers’ business. Paper presented at the Southern Legislative conference of The Council of State Governments, July 14–18.

Cardoso, L., Estevão, C., Fernandes, C. & Alves, H. (2017). Film induced tourism: A systematic literature review. Tourism & Management Studies, 13(3), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2017.13303.

Connell, J. (2012). Film tourism – Evolution, progress and prospects. Tourism Management, 33 (5), 1007–1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.008

Croy, W. G. & Heitmann, S. (2011). Tourism and film. In P. Robinson, S. Heitmann & P. Dieke (Eds.). Research Themes for Tourism (pp. 188 - 204). CABI. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936846.0188.

D'Alessandro, L., Sommella R. & Vigagnoni, L. (2015). Film-induced tourism, city-branding and place-based image: the cityscape of Naples between authenticity and conflicts. Almatourism-Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 6(4), 180-194.

Dann, G.M.S. (1977) Tourist motivation: an appraisal, Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(81)90082-7.

Grenier, A. (2011). Ciné-tourisme: Du concept au fan, au coeur de l’expérience. Téoros, 30(1), 79–89. https://doi.org/10.7202/1012111ar

Hahm, J. (Jeannie) & Wang, Y. (2011). Film-induced tourism as a vehicle for destination marketing: Is it worth the efforts? Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28 (2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.546209

Heitmann, S. (2010). Film tourism planning and Development: Questioning the role of stakeholders and sustainability. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7, 1, 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522606

Hudson, S. & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2006). Film tourism and destination marketing: The case of Captain Corelli's Mandolin. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 12, 3, 256–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766706064619

Karpovich, A. I. (2010). Theoretical approaches to film-motivated tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7, 1, 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522580

Lee, S., Scott, D., & Kim, H. (2008). Celebrity fan involvement and destination perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 35, 3, 809–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.06.003

Leotta, A. (2020). Naples for urban voy(ag)eurs: Tourism and the representation of space in Gomorrah and My Brilliant Friend. Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies, 8(2), 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00017_1

Macionis, N. (2004). Understanding the film-induced tourist. In W. Frost, W. C. Croy, & S. Beeton (Eds.), International Tourism and Media Conference Proceedings (pp. 86-97). Tourism Research Unit, Monash University (Australia)

Mathisen, L. & Prebensen, N. K. (2013). Dramatizing an event through a promotional film: Testing image effects. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 30(7), 672–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2013.827545 Nascimento, F.M. (2009). Cineturismo. Aleph.

Nunes, J. & Carvalho, P. (2015). A promoção de destinos turísticos através do cinema: O caso da trilogia The lord of the rings (waikato, Nova Zelândia). Revista Turismo y Desarrollo Local, 8(19).

Pedro, C. (2016). Os destinos turísticos que atraem milhões de set-jetters. Jornal de Negócios [online].

Riley, R., Baker, D. & Doren, C. S. Van. (1998). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(98)00045-0

Riley, R. W. & Van Doren, C. S. (1992). Movies as tourism promotion. Tourism Management, 13(3), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(92)90098-r

Saviano, R. (2020, March 08). Naples is demolishing Le Vele, symbol of its Camorra past. But I’m not celebrating. The Guardian [online].

Shani, A., Wang, Y., Hudson, S. & Gil, S. M. (2009). Impacts of a historical film on the destination image of South America. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15 (3), 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766709104269

Sousa, B. B., Dieguez, T. & Gomes, J. M. (2020). Novas tendências na segmentação turística: um estudo sobre marketing territorial e turismo cinematográfico. Revista Gestão em Análise, 9(3), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.12662/2359-618xregea.v9i3.p159-174.2020

Tooke, N. & Baker, M. (1996). Seeing is believing: The effect of film on visitor numbers to screened locations. Tourism Management, 17(2), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00111-5

UNWTO - World Tourism Organization & Netflix (2021). Cultural affinity and screen tourism – The case of internet entertainment services. UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284422838

Vila, N. A., Brea, J. A. F. & Carlos, P. (2021). Film tourism in Spain: Destination awareness and visit motivation as determinants to visit places seen in TV series. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27(1), 100135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.100135